Introduction to Grid

The electrical grid is the electrical power system network comprised of the generating plant, the transmission lines, the substation, transformers, the distribution lines and the consumer.

Traditionally, electricity generation facilities have been developed in locations far from consumption centres with the electric grid connecting the two.

The electrical grid is divided into three main components:

GENERATION - There are two types of generation - centralized and decentralized.  Centralized generation refers to large-scale generation far from consumption. This includes coal , nuclear , natural gas , hydro , wind farms and large solar arrays.  The grid connects centralized power to consumers.  Decentralized generation occurs close to consumption, for example rooftop solar.

TRANSMISSION and DISTRIBUTION- Transmission includes transformers, substations and power lines that transport electricity from where it is generated to points of consumption. When electricity is at high voltages, transmission losses are minimized over long distances and resistive transmission lines.   Therefore, at the point of generation, substations contain transformers that step-up the voltage of electricity so that it can be transmitted.  Transmission is achieved via powerlines and can occur either overhead or underground.  When it arrives at points of consumption, another substation is found to step-down the voltage for end-use consumption.

CONSUMPTION - There are various types of consumers; namely industrial, commercial and residential consumers. Each of these consumers has different needs but in general electricity delivers important energy services like light and power for appliances . 

Regional Grid: 
The interconnection of different small grid through tie line to form a Regional Grid.

National Grid:
The interconnection of different regional Grid through tie line form a National Grid.

This will be explained in detail in the upcoming posts. Stay tuned..

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