Classification Of Circuit Elements

Circuit Elements may be Classified into Four Groups:

1. Active or Passive
2. Unilateral or Bilateral
3. Linear or Non-Linear
4. Lumped or Distributed

Active or Passive Elements:

• Elements Capable of Delivering Power to Some External Devices are called Active Elements.

          Voltage Source, Current Source..

• Elements Capable of Only Receiving Power are Called Passive Elements.

          Eg. Resistors, Inductors, Capacitors...

Bilateral or Unilateral Elements:

• In Bilateral Element, the Voltage-Current Relation is the Same for Current Flowing in Either Direction.

          Eg. Resistor, Switch...

• In Unilateral Element, the Voltage-Current Relation is Different for the Current Flowing in Either Direction.

          Eg. Diode, Transistor...

Linear And Non-Linear Elements:

• An Element is Said to be Linear if it Satisfies the Principle of Superposition (ie. The Voltage Current Characteristics is a Straight Line through the Origin at All Times).

          Eg. Resistor...

• An Element which do not Satisfy the Superposition Principle is Called a Non-Linear Element.

Lumped And Distributed:

• Lumped Elements are those which are Very Small in Size in which Simultaneous Action Takes Place for any Given Cause at the same Instant of Time.
• Distributed Elements are those Which are Not Electrically Separable for Analytical Purposes.

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